Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) has long been misunderstood, and many myths about it continue to shape public perception, originating everywhere from movies to TikTok. These misconceptions can be damaging, leading to misdiagnosis, misunderstanding, or a lack of support for individuals with autism – especially for those with less apparent presentations. In this blog, we’ll break down some of the most common myths surrounding autism and explore the reality behind them, shedding light on what ASD truly looks like beyond the stereotypes.
Myth 1: People with autism don’t engage in social give-and-take and don’t want or have friends.
What People Think: Many people believe that individuals with autism are disengaged, uninterested in others, or lack empathy altogether. This myth paints a picture of someone who doesn’t care about forming relationships or friendships.
The Reality: While some autistic individuals may face challenges in navigating social interactions and understanding unspoken social rules, this doesn’t mean they lack empathy or the desire for connection. In fact, many autistic individuals deeply value relationships and can form meaningful, deep connections. Their way of interacting or communicating might differ, and what may seem like disinterest is often a response to feeling overwhelmed or uncertain in social situations. Sometimes, they find it easier to connect with other neurodivergent people who share similar communication styles. With patience, empathy, and clear communication, we can foster environments where authentic, rewarding friendships can flourish. Understanding these differences helps promote greater acceptance and inclusivity for all neurodivergent people.
Myth 2: Lack of Eye Contact and Flat Affect Defines Autism
What People Think: Many people associate autism with a complete lack of eye contact, limited facial expressions, and an absence of body language.
The Reality: While some autistic individuals may avoid eye contact or display limited facial expressions, these behaviors are far from universal. Some people with autism may avoid eye contact because it feels overwhelming or uncomfortable, while others may make eye contact in certain situations or when they feel more at ease. It’s also important to remember that eye contact is just one part of communication. Many autistic individuals use other forms of non-verbal communication, like body language or facial expressions, even if they do so in ways that might be less noticeable. Some may adapt or “mask” these behaviors to fit in, which can take a lot of energy and lead to exhaustion over time. Just because someone isn’t using eye contact doesn’t mean they’re not engaging or forming connections.
Myth 3: Repetitive Behaviors Define Autism
What People Think: Repetitive behaviors, like flapping or echoing words (echolalia), are commonly associated with autism, leading to the stereotype that all autistic individuals engage in these visible actions.
The Reality: While repetitive behaviors are a common feature of autism, they vary widely from person to person. Some may engage in more noticeable actions like pacing or flapping, while others might display subtler behaviors, such as twirling their hair or reading the same book repeatedly. These behaviors may be less evident for some individuals because they’ve learned to “mask” them in specific settings. Not everyone with autism shows these overt signs, yet the need for predictability and routine often persists beneath the surface.
Myth 4: Autism is Defined by Rigidity and Inflexibility
What People Think: Many think that autism is characterized by rigid adherence to routines, inflexible thinking, and extreme difficulty coping with change.
The Reality: Inflexibility can present itself in different ways, and it’s not as simple as an inability to adapt. Some autistic individuals have a strong preference for routines, perfectionism, or “black-and-white” thinking, which helps them feel more in control in an often unpredictable world. This need for structure is frequently driven by heightened anxiety around change, transitions, or uncertainty. For some, it’s not just about sticking to routines—it can also involve intense focus on details, a need for clear rules, or a rigid sense of right and wrong.
Autistic individuals, especially those with less apparent presentations, may seem to cope well with change but often experience significant internal stress in the process. It’s not a refusal to try new things but rather a need for stability and predictability that can make transitions more manageable with the proper support and understanding.
Myth 5: Only Odd or Obscure Interests are Signs of Autism
What People Think: People often associate autism with unusual, niche interests—like memorizing train schedules or historical facts.
The Reality: Autistic individuals can have a wide range of interests, some of which may be typical, while others might seem unique. What sets these interests apart is often the intensity and focus they bring to them. Some may have deep passions for mainstream hobbies like music, animals, sports, or even fashion and makeup. These interests can help them connect with others socially or even lead to fulfilling career paths. In some cases, these intense interests may not be immediately noticeable, but they still play an essential role in the person’s life, sometimes affecting their social interactions and daily routines. It’s not the type of interest that matters but the level of engagement and focus.
Myth 6: You Can Diagnose Autism Through Social Media
What People Think: Recently, videos claiming to help users self-diagnose autism have flooded social media platforms like TikTok. This trend has led some to believe that they can accurately diagnose themselves or others based on quick online quizzes or simplified videos.
The Reality: While platforms like TikTok have done a great job raising awareness about autism, it’s essential to recognize that a proper diagnosis is far more complex. An accurate diagnosis requires a thorough assessment by trained professionals and can’t be made in a few minutes from social media content. If you suspect that you or your child might have autism, seeking an evaluation from a healthcare provider is crucial. Social media might offer relatable content, but it’s no substitute for a professional diagnosis.
Instead, a diagnosis involves a thorough evaluation and includes:
- Comprehensive assessment: Autism evaluations involve a detailed review of multiple data points, including developmental history, behavioral observations, social and communication patterns, self-reports, and objective data.
- Differential diagnosis: Professionals must rule out other conditions, such as anxiety, PTSD, and ADHD, that could present similarly to autism. This process ensures an accurate diagnosis and appropriate support.
- Individualized approach: Autism is a spectrum disorder, meaning that individuals present differently. A clinician must understand the nuances in each person’s presentation and experience to determine whether they meet the diagnostic criteria.
- Tailored support: A proper diagnosis allows for individualized recommendations for therapy, support, and accommodations that can’t be provided through generalized online content.
- Long-term care: A clinical diagnosis sets the foundation for ongoing support and access to services that can help throughout the person’s life, both in education and daily living.
Final Thoughts: Breaking the Stereotypes
Autism is a highly individualized experience; no two individuals will present the same way. Many autistic individuals have learned to “mask” their symptoms or have subtle variations in behavior that often go unrecognized. As clinicians, educators, and caregivers, we must strive to move beyond stereotypes and explore the rich diversity within the autism spectrum. Doing so allows us to provide individuals with the most effective support, understanding, and interventions, ensuring they can thrive uniquely.
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*Reference: DSM-5, ICD-11, and Donna Henderson (2022). Chart used with permission.*
About the Author
AJ Grovert, PsyD, LCP
Dr. AJ Grovert is a Licensed Clinical Psychologist with expertise in EMDR, perinatal mental health, psychological assessment and psychedelic-assisted therapy. She has significant experience and passion for working with Jewish clients, LGBTQ+ communities, female veterans, and those recovering from religious traumas. She has been in practice for over 10 years and specializes in a number of areas such as trauma, perinatal mental health, anxiety, and emerging adulthood.
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